causes of 2007 post election violence
This study sought to discuss the 2007 post election violence and the response of the Seventhday Adventist Church in Eldoret East district. The 2003 elections that brought Mwai Kibaki to power were considered by most observers to be a watershed in Kenya's history and a major triumph for democratic forces in Kenya. UN HUMAN RIGHTS TEAM ISSUES REPORT ON POST-ELECTION VIOLENCE IN KENYA The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) issued a report on Wednesday following a three week fact-finding mission . 19 killed in tourist town as gangs go on rampage . The closely contested presidential election was characterised by unrealistic promises, fragmentation, balkanisation, media hype and strong expressions of ethnic nationalism. 2. "Begin to chart the way forward beyond ICC and the way forward is injustices of land the causes and sub-causes of the 2007 violence," said Midiwo. Electoral violence is triggered during the electoral period, when the party in a strong or weak position finds that the other party is unilaterally setting the rules of the game for its own benefit. The violence that engulfed Kenya after the announcement of the results of the presidential elections on 30 December 2007 resulted in the death of about 1,133 Kenyans, 600,000 forceful evictions, destruction of property worth millions of shillings and sexual violence on women, men ,and children.1 illiteracy, ignorance, poor security system and a general lack of political will to address th e root causes of the violence and displacement. It notes that the root causes of the violence still persist, have not been … Expand Kriegler Report-Summarised Version Kriegler and Waki Reports on 2007 Elections v List of Acronyms AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AP Administration Police CIPEV Commission of Inquiry into Post Election Violence CREAW Centre for Rights Education and Awareness CSOs Civil Society Organizations ECK Electoral Commission of Kenya FIDA Federation of Women Lawyers It may also be as a result of a competition for scarce resources. Gender-based violence such as rape and forced circumcision of males from Luo and Luhya communities tribes were pervasive (Bayne, 2008). Although the pockets of violence during election time in Ghana may be comparatively less severe than in many other countries on the continent, to Electoral violence is levied by political actors to purposefully influence the process and outcome of elections, and it involves coercive acts against humans, property, and infrastructure (Bekoe, 2012; Harish & Toha, 2019; Höglund, 2009).It can happen in all parts of the electoral cycle, including at the announcement of elections, party primaries, and voter registration (Seeberg, Wahman . The bloody 2007 post-election violence is forever etched in the minds of Kenyans as an event that shouldn't have happened and should not happen again. Tens of thousands of houses and businesses were looted or destroyed.16 11 Ndegwa (December 30, 2007) 12 Dercon and Gutierrez-Romero (2010) 13 Commission of Inquiry into Post-Election Violence (2009) 14 Ibid. The 2007/2008 Post-Election Violence. What began as a reaction to a fraudulent election soon transformed into ethnic violence because of perceived discrimination, injustices and inequality in the allocation of resources among the Abstract This paper examines the lessons learned from Kenya's 2007 post election violence and what has happened since then. "We don't want a recurrence of the 2007-08 post-election violence. Given this background, the electoral violence experienced between December 2007 and March 2008 came as a surprise to many. People didn't come out, they died in the house. We were there, we saw it. The BBC reported in late December 2008 that ethnic bigotry, similar to that which characterised the post-election violence, is still considered a major threat to national 3, (July, 2009) pp. Kijabe Printing Press: Nairobi. In October 2015, debate started on whether to make public the Justice Philip Waki envelope that holds names of individuals that were deemed the most culpable for the crimes of the 2007/08 post . After Kenya's 2007 general elections results were announced, there was a surge of violence between supporters of the winning party and the opposition.The opposition claimed the elections had been rigged, an accusation that resonated after international observers, including the European Union, noted . The purpose of this study was to assess effectiveness of Virginia Satir's Model in observes that there has been post-election violence in Kenya owing to disputed electoral results. CrossRef Google Scholar 1988. gangs of Kalenjin warriors continue to cause havoc. Conflict Analysis of the 2007 Post-election Violence in Kenya - Examines why widespread violence erupted in the wake of the 2007 Presidential Election; look at the history of conflict, stakeholders, and use conflict analysis to find out the root cause of conflict o Structural violence - It refers to a form of violence where some social structure or social institution may harm people by . In this paper, I perform an analysis of the conflict to examine why widespread violence erupted in the wake of Kibaki's presidential reelection. Published. In the 2007 post-election violence, during which more than 1,100 people were killed, most of the more than 400 people shot by police were in the Nyanza region, which includes those counties. Conflict-induced displacement may be politically instigated such as the displacement resulting from the general elections of 1992, 1997 and 2007/2008. As Kenya gears up for presidential elections next year, new research by Saferworld finds that many Kenyans feel that the root causes of the political violence that erupted around the 2007 elections have still not been addressed. 4 Kanyiga Karuti „The Legacy of the White Highlands: Land rights, Ethnicity and the Post-2007 Election Violence in Kenya‟ Journal of Contemporary African Studies, Vol. The study sought to examine the nature and causes of 2007 post election violence in Kenya on teachers working life in public secondary schools. The Post‐Election Violence and Mediation 1. Violence and armed struggle was led by the Mau Mau and by 1955, 13,000 Africans had lost their lives (see Anderson, 2007). o This should include a Trial Chamber and an Appeals Chamber, each composed of . This highlights the reality that while youth often play major roles in violent conflict, it is typically only a small fraction of the The announcement of the results of the 27 December 2007 general election in Kenya triggered widespread violence, resulting in the deaths of over a thousand people, thousands of people being injured, and several hundreds of thousands of people being Institution . It analyses the role communication plays in de-escalating conflicts, and offers communication strategies that promote productive conflict management. She told Human Rights Watch how . Mansfield and Snyder (2007) observe an upsurge in violence rather than a decrease when countries in transition undergo elections. The 2007/ 2008 post-election violence The 2007 Kenya presidential election saw a controversial contest for votes between President Mwai Kibaki, from the Party of National Unity (PNU), and the . The Kenyan Commission of Inquiry into Post-Election Violence Background • The Commission of Inquiry into Post-Election Violence (CIPEV) was the outcome of the . Although Kenyans averted a recurrence of the 2007-2008 post-election violence, the conflict drivers that triggered the violence, including a culture of impunity, land grievances . Kenya Thabiti Taskforce 2008. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 27 ( 3 ), 325 - 344 . Root Causes of Political Violence and Oppression Cases of violence during electioneering times in Kenya have many root courses. of the 2007/2008 post-election violence on women in Kakamega County with an aim of coming up with intervention strategies for sustainable peace in the County and Kenya at large. Book Description : Research paper from the year 2013 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: A+, University of Miami (Department of International Studies), course: Conflict in the Middle East and Africa, language: English, abstract: An analysis of the 2007 post-election violence in Kenya, employing the framework of the Copenhagen . communal conflicts, hate speeches, the media, tribalism and discrimination were discussed as the causes of the 2007 PEV. Three main political parties emerged. It notes that the root causes of the violence still persist, have not been addressed, and easily could be reignited. 2. The 2007 post election violence in Kenya elicited paranoia and heightened suspicions among neighbors who had lived and worked together for many years and it recorded the highest number of deaths, property destruction, displaced people. Forty-four years after gaining independence, and fifteen years since the beginning of multiparty democracy, the ruling elite touted this exceptionalism to conceal the historical grievances of marginalized communities. As leaders, we need to preach peace and unity among all the people regardless of tribe, race or clan," the coordinator said. Violence and armed struggle was led by the Mau Mau and by 1955, 13,000 Africans had lost their lives (see Anderson, 2007). It is to be expected that with such violent history in. Supporters of Kibaki's main opponent in that election, Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic Movement, alleged electoral manipulation. (KDRTV) - Deputy President William Ruto has finally opened up on the State's decision to reopen the 2007 Post Election Violence cases. Migdal, S. Joel. Princeton University Press: New Jersy. Raila knows that land is a sensitive and emotive issue and returning it to its owners, if it is still available, would be a vote winner," said Prof Iraki. While election violence had occurred in Kenya during previous elections in 1992, 1997 and 2002, it had never reached such catastrophic levels, with over 1,200 people killed10 and over 600,000 displaced.11 On 2nd January 2008, just days after violence erupted across the country, 16 Ibid. This Methodology Focus of the study was restricted on the role played by women in conflict management following the 2007/2008 post-election violence. "Raila knows as a politician that emotions win elections. The announcement of the Presidential election results on 30 December 2007 led to widespread violence across Kenya. Using the density test developed by McCrary (2008), we find evidence that incumbents were able to win tightly contested elections through fraud. However, the 2007 election was unique because The cause of the violence was said to have been deep-seated issues of underdevelopment, youth unemployment, tribalism, lax police force among other issues. Given this background, the electoral violence experienced between December 2007 and March 2008 came as a surprise to many. Causes of The Violence The 2007 post-election violence in Kenya rooted in the inter-ethnic resentments between the Kalejins and Kikuyus and was triggered by results of the December 2007 elections. It should be noted that one cause of the 2007 post-election violence were the high expectations from voters who had been assured by their candidates that they would win. Summary On January 25, 2008, during the explosion of post-election violence in Kenya, four men beat and brutally gang-raped Apiyo P., a 53-year-old mother of five. There was the provision of psychosocial support this study was to analyze the role of media in conflict, with reference to 200/2008 Post Election Violence in Kenya. 325-344 5 Lafargue, Jerome „General Elections in Kenya, 2007‟ (Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2009) p. 22 DP William Ruto. the post-election violence, and an additional 650,000 were displaced. A case study design employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the impacts of electoral violence on economic development of Kenya by examining data during and after election periods. mass atrocity crimes following the 2007 election. 2.3 Ethnicity and ethnic animosity: This factor is a corollary of the foregoing and was one of the major causes of the 2007 post-election violence in Kenya. 15 Ibid. Kenya experienced post-election violence in 2007/2008; leaving 1,113 people dead and over 650,000 people displaced from their homes with untold traumatic suffering. Political factors, inequitable resource allocation, land issues. The DP, in a tweet, said resurrecting the cases will only incite Kenyans and also create ethnicity among Kenyan communities. One of the factors cited as an underlying cause of the 2013 election-related violence was a lack of justice from the 2007-2008 post-election violence . In all, more than 1,300 people died and 600,000. The 2007-08 post-election violence shook the nation because of its spread, speed and ruthlessness. Thousands . It's considered one of the darkest chapters in Kenya's h. These factors demonstrate how and why violence has become a way of life in . There and then, the causes of the disease the country is suffering from should have been dealt with. Root Causes and Implications of the Post Election Violence of 2007 Commissioned by the Inter Religious Forum. "Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind" - John F. Kennedy. Institution . A pdf document has been made available to Ushahidi by the UN Human Rights Team, you can download the Final OHCHR Kenya report 19 March2008.pdf Below is the summary and press release. The most common trigger events are the following: registration in voters' lists, establishment of the electoral administration, and electoral results. Introduction This paper examines the lessons learned from Kenya's 2007 post election violence and what has happened since then. Kenya has experienced election violence since the introduction of multi-party politics. The 2007/2008 Post-Election Violence. Yet only 5% of Kenyan youth engaged in the violence. Statement of the problem With a common observation among many African countries Kenya included, there seems to be a connection cemented the underlying causes of the 2007 post-election violence. The specific objectives were to explore the causes of the post-election violence, to establish the extent to which media escalated and/or deescalated violence, and to assess the impact of media reports on post-election violence. For those Kenyans who experienced the 2007/2008 post-election violence as children, the media messages of anxiety and calls for peace may bring back their worst memories. The chapter investigates the Kenyan post-election violence, 2007-2008 and interrogated the role . 28 As the votes were counted, people in Kibera keenly watched the live broadcast of . The 2007/2008 post-election violence was a crisis which erupted in Kenya after the declaration of President Mwai Kibaki as the conqueror of the December 27, 2007, general elections. illiteracy, ignorance, poor security system and a general lack of political will to address th e root causes of the violence and displacement. The 2007 post election violence in Kenya elicited paranoia and heightened suspicions among neighbors who had lived and worked together for many years and it recorded the highest number of deaths, property destruction, displaced people. He claimed that his Hustler . In addition, weshow that narrow incumbent This is was a descriptive study. Kanyinga, K (2009) The legacies of the white highlands: land rights, ethnicity and the post-2007 election violence in Kenya. Instead, cultural, social, political and economic discrepancies kept growing. The magnitude of violence is always disastrous to the community when the effects trickle down to individuals. 2. The mob burnt three people inside the house. displacement of populations. This study gives essential information on the fundamental causes of conflict and its . The Party of National Union (PNU) was led by the incumbent President Mwai Kibaki; Kenya's current president Uhuru Kenyatta led the KANU
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